Casino poker chips are special tokens representing a fixed amount of money. In the gaming industry they are more generally referred to as Checks or Cheques; the difference being that a 'chip' caries no value, such as those used for roulette vs. a 'cheque' which carries a specific value and can be cashed in for money.

The vast majorities of authentic casino chips are 'clay' chips but can be more accurately described as compression molded chips. Contrary to popular belief no gaming chip going as far back as the 1950s have been 100% clay. Modern clay chips are a composition of materials more durable than clay alone. At least some percentage of the chips is of an earthen material such as sand, chalk and or clay similar to that found in cat litter. The process used to make these chips is a trade secret, very expensive, time consuming and varies slightly by manufacturer. Additionally, the edge spots or inserts, as they are sometimes called, are not painted on as they can sometimes appear to be. In fact they are areas where the clay has been punched out of the chip and then replaced by hand with a new piece of clay of an alternate color; it would then be at this point the chip is placed under extreme pressure and heat, approximately 10,000 psi 70 MPa at 300 °F 150 °C , hence the term compression molded Chips .

The printed graphics on clay chips is called an inlay. Inlays are typically made of paper and are then covered with a thin film of plastic which is applied to the chip prior to the compression molding process. During the molding process the inlay becomes permanently affixed to the chip and cannot be removed from the chip without destroying it.

Ceramic chips such as those made by ChipCo International were introduced in the mid 1980s as an alternative to clay chips and are still very common in casinos as well as being readily available to the home market. Ceramic chips are often referred to as clay or clay composite but they are in fact solid white, injection molded, ceramic disks, which are simply printed on.

Bud Jones are an alternate style of chip and are one of the very few injection molded plastic chips used in casinos. They are produced by Gaming Products International and are not produced for the home market.

The chips used in American casinos rarely weigh more than 10 grams and are usually between 8.5 and 10 g. There is no official weight however and some, particularly coin-inlaid chips, can weigh more. The chips sold for home use vary substantially more, sometimes weighing as much as 13.5 g, depending on manufacturer and construction.

Common designs for home use depict the six faces of a die or the suit symbols around the edge on the face of the chip. They are typically manufactured with injection molding technology using ABS plastic. Some chips are molded around a small metal disc, called a slug, for weight.

European chips often come in Mother of Pearl. The higher value chips are often shaped like plaques.

Colors

Typically colors found in home sets include red, white, blue and sometimes black; however, more recently a wide assortment of colors have become readily available, particularly in lower-quality ABS type chips.

$2.50 chips are almost exclusively used for blackjack tables, since a natural a 21 on the first two cards dealt to a player typically pays 3:2 and most wagers are in increments of $5. However, the Tropicana Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey has used pink chips in $7.50-$15 and $10-$20 poker games. Low-denomination yellow chips can vary in value: $20 by statute in Atlantic City and Illinois which, oddly, also uses mustard yellow $0.50 chips ; $5 at most Southern California poker rooms; $2 at Foxwoods' poker room in Ledyard, Connecticut and at Casino del Sol in Tucson, Arizona; and $0.50 at Potawatomi Casino in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Blue chips are occasionally used for $10, most notably by statute in Atlantic City. In Las Vegas and California, most casinos use blue or white for $1 chips.

Chips are commonly available in $1000 denominations, depending on the wagering limits of the casino in question. Such chips are often yellow or orange and of a large size. Las Vegas, Atlantic City, and other areas, which permit high wagers typically, have chips available in $5000, $10000, $25000, and higher denominations; the colors for these vary widely.

Each casino has a unique set of chips, even if the casino is part of a larger company. This distinguishes a casino's chips from others, since each chip and token on the gaming floor has to be backed up with the appropriate amount of cash. In addition, with the exception of Nevada, casinos are not permitted to honor another casino's chips.

The security features of casino chips are numerous. Artwork is of a very high resolution or of photographic quality. Custom color combinations on the chip edge spots are usually distinctive to a particular casino. Certain chips incorporate RFID technology, such as those at the new Wynn Casino in Las Vegas.

Counterfeit chips are rare. High levels of surveillance, along with staff familiarity with chip design and coloring, make passing fake chips difficult. Casinos, though, are prepared for this situation. According to one report, a Canadian casino removed all chips from the gaming floor and replaced them with new sets with alternative markings, which resulted in the arrest of the attempted counterfeiters.

Casino chips used in tournaments are usually much cheaper and much simpler in design. Because the chips have no cash value, usually chips are designed with a single color usually differing in shade or tone from the version on the casino floor, a smaller diameter, and a basic mark on the interior to distinguish denominations; however, at certain events such as the World Series of Poker or other televised poker , chips approach quality levels of chips on the floor.

Stud Poker

Stud poker is any of a number of poker variants in which each player receives a mix of face-down and face-up cards dealt in multiple betting rounds. Stud games are also typically non-positional games, meaning that the player who bets first on each round may change from round to round it is usually the player whose face-up cards make the best hand for the game being played. The cards dealt face down to each individual player are called hole cards which gave rise to the common English expression ace in the hole, which suggests that one has something valuable that is not apparent to others.

Stud poker variants using 3 cards were popular as of the American Revolutionary War. Five-card stud first appeared during the American Civil War when the game was much played among soldiers on both sides, and became very popular. In recent years, Seven-card stud has become more common, both in casinos and in home games. These two games form the basis of most modern stud poker variations.

The number of betting rounds in a game influences how well the game plays with different betting structures. Games with four or fewer betting rounds, such as five-card stud and Mississippi stud described below, play well with any structure, and are especially well suited to no limit and pot limit play. Games with more betting rounds are more suited to fixed limit or spread limit. It is common and recommended for later betting rounds to have higher limits than earlier ones. For example, a $5/$10 Seven-card Stud game in a Nevada casino allows $5 bets for the first two rounds and $10 bets for subsequent rounds. Also common is to make the final round even higher: a $5/$10/$20 game would allow $20 bets on the last round only. Another common rule is to allow the larger bet on the second round if there is an open pair that is, at least one player's upcards make a pair. Some casinos typically in California use the smaller limit on the first three rounds rather than just the first two.

It is a common convention in stud poker to name the betting rounds after the number of cards each player holds when that betting round begins. So the bet that occurs when each player has three cards is called third card or third street, while the bet that occurs when each player has five cards is fifth street. The final round, regardless of the number of betting rounds, is commonly called the river or simply the end.

The variations described below assume that you are already familiar with five-card stud and seven-card stud, and with the game play of poker in general.

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Paradise Nevada

Paradise is an unincorporated town in the Las Vegas metropolitan area in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 223,167 at the 2010 census. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains McCarran International Airport, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and most of the Las Vegas Strip, including well-known hotels such as Caesars Palace, the Palms, and the MGM Grand. Therefore, many tourists visiting the Las Vegas area actually spend most of their time in Paradise, rather than in the City of Las Vegas. Despite this, Paradise remains relatively unknown, since “Paradise, NV” does not appear in postal addresses. The United States Postal Service has assigned “Las Vegas, NV” as the place name for the ZIP codes containing Paradise. Nonetheless, if Paradise were to be incorporated, it would be one of the largest cities in Nevada.

Las Vegas Valley

The Las Vegas Valley is the heart of the Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA also known as the Las Vegas–Paradise–Henderson MSA which includes all of Clark County, Nevada, and is a metropolitan area in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada. The Valley is defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a 600 sq mi 1,600 km2 basin area that contains the largest concentration of people in the state. The history of the Valley significantly intertwines with the history of the city of Las Vegas and one of the two primary cities as used by the census bureau in the MSA, with the other being Paradise. The valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada: Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas.

The names Las Vegas and Vegas are used to indicate the valley, the strip, the city and are used as a brand by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority and used to denominate the entire region. The metropolitan area's population was at 741,459 in 1990. The population was approximately 2 million in 2010 estimated. The valley is an area generally defined by the Spring Mountains on the west, Sheep Mountains to the north, Muddy Mountains and Lake Mead to the east, and the Black Mountains to the south.

The area is known for its extensive gaming, shopping and fine dining offerings. Outdoor lighting displays are everywhere on the many tourist destination buildings in the area. Las Vegas, which bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, is famous for the number of casino resorts and associated entertainment. Las Vegas is also home to a growing retirement community. As seen from space, Las Vegas is the brightest city in the world.